ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Septoturbinoplasty is frequently performed to correct nasal obstruction; however, there is still a lack of research on changes in nasal and nose-related symptoms early after septoturbinoplasty. Therefore, we aimed to investigate changes in subjective outcomes within 6 months after septoturbinoplasty. @*Materials and Methods@#The medical records of patients who underwent septoturbinoplasty at Gangnam Severance Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Symptom scores were evaluated using the Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and obstruction scores.The SNOT-22 and obstruction scores were investigated before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. @*Results@#We noted significant decreases in both SNOT-22 and obstruction scores at 1 month after surgery, compared to those before surgery (p<0.001). However, there were no significant changes at 3 and 6 months after surgery, compared to scores at 1 month after surgery. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, a larger difference between SNOT-22 scores preoperatively and 1 month after surgery was significantly associated with a significant improvement in symptoms at 3 or 6 months after septoturbinoplasty (p=0.029). @*Conclusion@#These results imply that subjective outcomes and degree of improvement in the first month after septoturbinoplasty can be used as a predictor of the results thereof and for counseling patients about its progress.
ABSTRACT
Many bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis are occurred by excessive bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Recently, many studies have been proceeded to find out the new therapeutic materials from natural products of plants. Phlomis umbrosa Turcz, one of the natural products of plants has been known to improve bone health. However, the precise effects and treatment mechanisms of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz about bone diseases has been unknown. So, we examined the effects of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz on expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and bone resorption. Also, we investigated the treatment mechanisms of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz relating to osteoclast differentiation. Here, we showed that Phlomis umbrosa Turcz significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resportion. Furthermore, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz suppressed the activation of NF-kappaB in bone marrow macrophage treated RANKL and M-CSF. The mRNA expression of c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)c1, osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in BMMs was inhibited by Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. Integrin alphanu, beta3 relating to cell adhesion and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) relating to the structure of filamentous actin (F-actin) ring and cathepsin K relating to bone resorbing activity are disrupted too. These results suggest that Phlomis umbrosa Turcz will be a good materials to treat bone diseases like osteoporosis.